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Post office scandal: Ministers consider options to speed up justice

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  • By Sam Francis
  • Political Correspondent, BBC News

image source, Good pictures

Justice Secretary Alex Sack has met with senior judges to discuss possible solutions to the Post Office IT scandal.

The focus of the meeting was on expediting the process for Deputy Postmasters seeking cancellation of their convictions.

More than 700 people were criminally convicted after the Post Office introduced the faulty software.

Postal Minister Kevin Hollinrake said the government was exploring ways to repeal the penalties.

Mr Hollinrake suggested this could include possible legislation.

He also said Fujitsu, the tech company behind the flawed software, and anyone responsible should be “held accountable, including paying any money” to compensate victims.

“We have laid out some options to resolve pending criminal convictions with even greater speed,” the minister said.

The scandal has been described as one of the biggest miscarriages of justice the UK has ever seen. Between 1999 and 2015, the Postal Service sued 736 deputy postmasters and deputy postmistresses — an average of one per week — based on data from a computer system called Horizon.

Many maintained their innocence and said they had repeatedly reported problems with the software.

But some stole and went to jail by filing false accounts. Many suffered financial losses.

The scandal sparked an ITV drama last week that brought it back into the public consciousness.

The Metropolitan Police said the post office is investigating possible fraud offenses arising from the case records.

The government is also looking at changing rules on private suits after the Post Office pursued its former employees through the courts.

Campaigners have called for the Post Office to be barred from taking part in appeals against the convictions of former deputy postmasters.

Sir Keir Starmer has called for the Post Office's prosecution powers to be scrapped.

“I think the prosecution should be taken out of the hands of the Post Office and handed over to the Crown Prosecution Service,” he said.

“These beliefs, like the rest of the beliefs, must be viewed as a whole.”

The government also announced that retired judge Sir Gary Higginbottom will chair an independent panel overseeing compensation for those whose convictions have been overturned.

image caption,

The cast of ITV's Mr Bates vs The Post Office follows the lives of those caught up in IT failure.

Two former justice secretaries have called for the legislation to be brought in as soon as possible.

Lord Falconer of Thoroton, justice secretary under Tony Blair, said the government “could introduce new laws tomorrow and there would be no opposition in parliament”.

“This is an absolutely shocking scandal that has been going on for years and is now at the top of the political agenda.

“Everyone agrees that it will take years to get rid of those other penalties unless there is a change in practice.”

In a letter to The Times, Mr Sack's predecessor, Sir Robert Buckland, said: “Too many deputy postmasters have already died without seeing justice done, so there is no time to lose.”

Speaking in the House of Commons, Sir Robert said he would back a new law to “create a presumption of innocence” for those convicted of faulty software.

However, former Attorney General Dominic Grieve said the new law would be a form of “parliamentary interference in the judicial process”.

He told BBC Radio 4's Today programme: “It's a shortcut, and some people may be dissatisfied that they haven't been fully released.

Some have called for the Criminal Cases Review Commission – which investigates alleged miscarriages of justice – to look at cases and take longer to introduce new legislation.

Professor Graham Jellick, a former head of the CCRC, said he believed the cases could be dealt with more quickly because of a “common feature” – the prosecution's case depends on evidence obtained from the computer system.

“When you find that the conviction is clearly, manifestly unsafe and should be overturned, that's why the Court of Appeals can deal with these cases so quickly,” he said on the Today show.

'Keep the pace'

Alan Bates, the former deputy postmaster who led efforts for justice, told the BBC he believed a “resolution” was “imminent”.

Mr Bates, who played Toby Jones in the ITV drama, said the years it had taken to get to this point had been “frustrating” but said the ITV show had helped a “wider audience” understand what had happened.

“The most important thing is for the government to ensure that this financial relief goes quickly, to get it quickly, not to wait and spend money with lawyers over and over again,” he said.

“We've got to keep up the pressure, we've got to push people and we've got to keep the whole thing moving and keep the momentum going.

“The group has lost 60 or 70 people since we started all this. People have to get on with life, and they have to draw a line under it — they'll never forget it, but they can get by. Unfortunately, they need money to keep them going.

“This money is just what they're owed. It's money to put them back in place if the Post Office hadn't done what they did to them.”

Removes titles

There is also a campaign to remove former Post Office boss Paula Vennells CBE over the scandal.

Ms Vennells, who was chief executive of the Post Office between 2012 and 2019, has been urged to lose her honour.

An official spokesman for Prime Minister Rishi Sunak said: “The Prime Minister shares the public outrage over this issue. He will strongly support the confiscation panel if it decides to review the case.”

If a person has brought the organization into disrepute, the Confiscation Committee may recommend forfeiture of honors.

Ms Vennells said she was “truly sorry for the distress caused to the deputy postmasters and their families who were wrongfully prosecuted”.

He said that he would fully support and continue to cooperate with the ongoing public inquiry into corruption.

Liberal Democrat leader Sir Ed Davey also faced fresh scrutiny over his role as postal affairs minister during the coalition government.

His predecessor Sir Vince Cable, who was business secretary during that period, told BBC Radio 4's World at One that Sir Ed had been made a “scapegoat”.

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Louisiana's new governor wants to scrap the state's unique open primaries

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The system has been in place for both state and congressional offices in the state for decades, except for a brief interruption in 2008. It is not used in presidential primaries or general elections.

Landry won his re-election last October with 51 percent of the vote, defeating Democrat Shawn Wilson and a group of other Republican hopefuls. He
He was officially sworn in on Monday
Gave Louisiana an all-Republican state government — the state's first GOP governor in eight years. But a majority in both legislative chambers does not warrant an open primary.

“We built the Republican Party in an open primary,” said Lt. Gov. Billy Nungesser.
Louisiana Attorney
, he thinks closed primaries encourage political extremism. “Candidates should at least be campaigning to represent all of Louisiana. When you close the primary, you're going to get left and right.

Congress may draw new maps for state House and Senate elections after a court found that the old maps may have violated the Voting Rights Act and required them to add another majority-black district. The Legislature has until Jan. 30 to redraw the map — otherwise a district court could decide the plan for the upcoming elections at a hearing in February.

“The courts have forced the state of Louisiana to redraw our congressional districts. Redistricting is a state legislative function. That's why today, following the court order, I called the Louisiana Legislature into special session to redraw.
Landry said in a statement
.

After the Vulcan rocket launches, the American moon lander runs into problems

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A brand new rocket launched a robotic spacecraft early Monday from Cape Canaveral, Fla., toward the lunar surface.

The launch of the Vulcan rocket was flawless. The spacecraft that carried it, built by Pittsburgh's Astrobotic Technology, separated 50 minutes into the flight and successfully activated its systems.

However, after a few hours, Astrobotic reported on social media service X The spacecraft, called Peregrine, had trouble pointing its solar panels at the Sun to generate electricity.

Company Then said The cause of the problem was a malfunction of the peregrine's propulsion system.

An advanced maneuver Successfully retrofitted solar panels Back to the sun, allowing the battery to charge. However, the spacecraft lost most of its propulsion and could not land on the moon.

“The team is working to try and stabilize the loss, but given the situation, we've prioritized maximizing the science and data we can capture.” Astrobotic said. “We are currently assessing what alternative work profiles are possible at this time.”

Peregrine led five NASA missions to closely study the Moon. NASA officials say they are willing to take more risks for these low-cost missions.

“Every success and setback is an opportunity to learn and grow,” Joel Kearns, deputy associate administrator for exploration in NASA's Science Mission Directorate, said in a statement. “We will use this lesson to fuel our efforts to advance science, exploration and commercial development of the Moon.”

For United Launch Alliance, a joint venture between Boeing and Lockheed Martin, the successful launch of the Vulcan Centaur rocket was critical. The Vulcan is designed to replace two older rockets, and the U.S. Space Force relies on it to launch spy satellites and other spacecraft critical to U.S. national security.

The Vulcan is the first of several new rockets from Elon Musk's company, SpaceX, to dominate the current space launch market. SpaceX sent nearly 100 rockets into orbit last year. Other inaugural orbital launches in the coming months include European company Arianespace's Ariane 6 rocket and Blue Origin's New Glen, launched by Amazon founder Jeff Bezos.

Throughout the night, the countdown to the Vulcan rocket went smoothly, and the weather cooperated.

At 2:18 a.m. ET, the rocket's engines ignited and lifted off the launch pad, heading east and over the Atlantic Ocean.

“Everything looks good,” Rob Cannon, a launch commentator for United Launch Alliance, repeated as the Vulcan rocketed into space.

“Yee-haw,” said Tory Bruno, the company's chief executive, after the lunar rover's deployment. “I'm so excited. I can't tell you how much.

The United Launch Alliance was formed in 2006, and for nine years has been the only company certified by the US government to launch national security payloads into orbit. Until now, it used two vehicles: the Boeing-built Delta IV, which will complete its final flight later this year, and the Lockheed Martin-built Atlas V, which is due to be retired in a few years.

There have been seventeen Atlas V launches, but the rocket uses Russian-built engines, which became politically unacceptable with the escalation of tensions between Russia and the United States. ULA has led the way to begin development of the Vulcan, which replaces the capabilities of both rockets at a lower cost, United Launch Alliance officials said.

“What's unique about Vulcan is that what we originally set out to do was deliver a rocket that had all the capabilities of Atlas and Delta in one structure,” said Mark Peller, ULA vice president in charge of Vulcan's development. “Because we have that adjustment, the configuration can really be tailored to the specific task.”

Vulcan can be configured in many different ways. The rocket's core, its central booster stage, is powered by two Blue Origin-manufactured BE-4 engines, engines that emit deep blue flames from burning methane fuel, also used in Blue Origin's New Glenn rocket.

Up to six solid rocket fuel boosters are attached to the sides of the core to increase the amount of mass it can lift into orbit. Its nose cone comes in two dimensions – a standard size of 51 feet long, and a longer one, 70 feet, for larger payloads.

“The publishing market is much stronger than it's been in decades,” said Carissa Christensen, chief executive of Price Tech, a consulting firm in Alexandria. “And the expected demand will be enough to support multiple launch providers. Vulcan.”

ULA already has more than 70 missions to fly on Vulcan. Amazon has purchased 38 launches for Project Kuiper, a suite of communications satellites that will compete with SpaceX's Starlink network to deliver high-speed satellite internet.

Many of the other launches will be for the Space Force. ULA and SpaceX are currently the only companies authorized to launch national security missions. Monday's launch is the first of two demonstration missions the Space Force needs to gain confidence in the Vulcan before using the missile for military and surveillance payloads.

The second launch was Dream Chaser, an unmanned space plane built by Sierra Space of Louisville, Colo., on a mission to deliver cargo to the International Space Station. That could be followed by four additional Vulcan launches for the Space Force this year.

Astrobotic's lunar lander Peregrine was the main payload for Vulcan's first launch. Founded in 2007, Astrobotic is one of several private companies aiming to provide a delivery service on the lunar surface. Its primary customer for the mission was NASA, which paid Astrobotic $108 million. No US spacecraft has made a soft landing on the Moon since 1972.

It is part of the scientific work carried out by the space agency to prepare for the return of astronauts to the Moon under the Artemis program. Unlike in the past, when NASA built and operated its own spacecraft, this time it is relying on companies like Astrobotic to provide transportation.

In 2018 it announced an initiative called Commercial Lunar Payload Services, or CLPS for short. But it was slow to get off the ground. After a series of delays, Astrobotic's Peregrine flight will be the first CLPS mission into space.

Peregrine's landing destination on February 23 is the Sinus Viscositatis — Latin for “Bay of Stickiness” — an enigmatic region near the moon.

A second CLPS mission by Houston's Intuition Engines is scheduled to launch in mid-February.

Vulcan also launched a secondary payload for the Celestis Enterprise, which memorialized humans by sending them into space by sending some of their ashes or DNA. Vulcan's upper stage houses 268 small cylindrical capsules in two toolbox-sized containers.

Survivors of this final voyage include Star Trek creator Gene Roddenberry; His wife, Majel Barrett, played Nurse Chapel in the original TV show; And three other actors on the show: DeForest Kelly, who played Medical Officer Leonard “Bones” McCoy; Nichelle Nichols as communications officer Uhura; and James Doohan, Montgomery Scott, Chief Engineer.

One of the capsules contains hair samples of three US presidents: George Washington, Dwight Eisenhower and John F. Kennedy.

A final brief engine firing sent the second stage and the Celestis memory into orbit around the Sun.

Peregrine's defeat sidelined the opposition of the Navajo Nation leaders for the time being.

Celestis and another company that offers similar services, Elysium Space of San Francisco, also have payloads on astrobotic spacecraft. In a letter to NASA and the United States Department of Transportation, Chief Buu Nygren of the Navajo Nation asked that the launch be delayed because many Native Americans consider the moon sacred.

“Placing human remains and other objects, which would be considered discards anywhere else, on the moon is tantamount to desecrating this sacred place,” said Mr. Nygren wrote.

Although Vulcan will launch several payloads over the next few years, its long-term prospects are limited. Other aerospace companies are looking to take some of the success of the Space Force business, and Amazon may shift many of its Khyber releases to Mr. Bezos' Blue Origin in the future.

Another factor affecting the Vulcan's future is that SpaceX is reusing its Falcon 9 boosters, which is likely to give it a significant cost advantage over ULA. Blue Origin plans to reuse new Glenn boosters.

ULA is developing technology that could be used to recover the two engines in the booster, the most expensive part of the rocket, but that will take years.

Israel Strikes Hezbollah Positions in Lebanon: Live Updates

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Israel, which said over the weekend it had successfully dismantled a Hamas military structure in the north of the Gaza Strip, said it was taking a different tactical approach in the south, where people seeking safety fear how the war could end. coming months.

The military works differently in central and southern Gaza, said Rear Adm. Daniel Hagari said on Saturday that most of the population of about 2.2 million people are congregating there, including more than a million evacuees from the north. But he did not elaborate on what specifically would be changed, saying the change was based on lessons “learned from the fighting so far”.

In the northern part of the area, where Israel launched a ground offensive in late October, the army “completed the elimination of Hamas' military structure,” Admiral Hagari said. War even after their command structure was destroyed.

He also said that the fight will continue throughout the year 2024.

Gabi Siboni, a colonel in the army reserves and a fellow at the conservative-leaning Jerusalem Institute for Strategy and Security, said Hamas maintains infrastructure above and below the ground in the north, “so it's still a war zone.” Despite the Israeli military's achievements, he said, Hamas was a “tough and determined enemy” that had armed itself and “built underground fortresses” over the years.

“It will take time to get rid of it completely,” said Mr. Ciboni said the fighting in the south is complicated by the population density there and should continue until 2025.

The Israeli military's suggestion that the fighting in Gaza would continue throughout the coming year further alarmed Gazans who had already suffered heavy losses in the first three months of the war – family, friends, neighbors, homes, jobs, schools and even. In cases, the ability to feed themselves.

“We as unarmed people who have nothing to do with the resistance or carrying weapons face great danger,” said Youssef, 32, from Gaza City, who has been displaced twice as he tried to flee the fighting.

Although the Israeli military successfully ordered many Gazans in the north to flee further south in the earlier stages of the war — exactly how many are not known — people in central and southern Gaza have nowhere to go. The city of Rafah, on Gaza's southern border with Egypt, expanded dramatically.

According to the United Nations, more than a million people have already been squeezed into Rafah's territory. And people can't go back to the north: apart from repeated episodes of fighting in northern Gaza, that part of the territory is largely in ruins.

A camp for displaced Palestinians in Rafah, Gaza last week. People in central and southern Gaza have nowhere to go, except to crowd further into the sprawling city.debt…Saleh Salem/Reuters

The United Nations estimated at the end of December that some 65,000 homes had been destroyed across Gaza and nearly 300,000 were still damaged, meaning more than half a million people had no home to return to.

It said that because Gaza's infrastructure is so badly damaged and munitions left over from the war are returning, many people who still have habitable homes will not immediately be able to live in them.

Meanwhile, Gaza's displaced are increasingly short of food, water and warm clothing and shelter for cold weather. According to aid groups, about half of Gazans are at risk of starvation.

“There are children, no food or clothes, especially because it's winter,” Youssef said. “If we're talking about suffering, I'll need a lot of time to explain it.”

He added: “We have the right to return to our homes, to see our children, to have food, water and drink, to be safe.”

The Vulcan rocket prepares for the first launch of the Moon Lander mission

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A brand new U.S. rocket is on the way to the Cape Canaveral, Fla., launch pad, and for the first time in more than 50 years, an American spacecraft will head toward the surface of the moon. The rocket is called Vulcan and is built by United Launch Alliance. Here's what you need to know about its maiden flight.

The launch is scheduled for Monday at 2:18 a.m. Eastern. There will be coverage Broadcast on NASA TV Starts at 1:30 p.m

The rocket launched at 3:58 p.m., according to ULA, and the mission's countdown continues “smoothly.” Forecasts give an 85 percent chance of continued favorable weather. If the launch is delayed to Tuesday, weather conditions will worsen, with favorable conditions only 30 percent possible.

Jan. 10th and 11th January have additional release opportunities.

Pittsburgh's Astrobotic Technology is sending a robotic spacecraft, Peregrine, to the sinus viscidatis—Latin for “bay of stickiness”—the enigmatic region near the moon. NASA is paying AstroBotics $108 million to take five experiments that are part of the space agency's Commercial Lunar Payload Services program, or CLPS. The project aims to reduce the cost of sending objects to the lunar surface.

Developed by United Launch Alliance, a joint venture between Boeing and Lockheed Martin, the Vulcan rocket will replace the company's two existing rockets, the Altas V and Delta IV.

Since United Launch Alliance was formed in 2006, its core business has been launching top-secret military payloads for the US government. Its rockets are expensive — too expensive for most commercial customers — but very reliable. With Vulcan, ULA is seeking a larger share of the commercial market. It has already sold more than 70 Vulcan missiles, including 38 to Amazon, which is building Project Kuiper, a cluster of Internet communications satellites.

The United States Space Force would like to see two successful Vulcan launches. Monday's release is the first certificate release. The second could happen as soon as April. Dream Chaser, an unmanned space shuttle built by Sierra Space of Louisville, Colo., is on a mission to deliver cargo to the International Space Station.

If those flights are successful, four additional Vulcan launches this year will carry Space Force payloads into orbit.

Navajo Nation objects to human ashes and DNA on Astrobotik's peregrine lander.

In addition to the five NASA experiments, Astrobotic's Peregrine lander also carries several payloads for commercial customers. Among them are Celestis and Elysium Space, companies that memorialize some of the human remains by sending them into space.

On Thursday, Navajo Nation Chief Buu Nygren said in a statement that he had sent a letter to NASA and the US Department of Transportation calling for the launch to be postponed.

“The moon is deeply embedded in the spirituality and tradition of many tribal cultures, including our own,” he wrote. “The placement of human remains on the Moon is a profound interpretation of this celestial body revered by our people.”

During news conferences, NASA officials noted that they were not responsible for the mission and did not directly comment on other payloads sold on the astrobotic Peregrine.

“An intergovernmental meeting has been set up with the Navajo Nation, which NASA supports,” Joel Kearns, NASA's deputy associate administrator for exploration, said during a news conference Thursday.

John Thornton, Astrobotic's chief executive, said Friday that he was disappointed that “this conversation came so late in the game” because his company announced the participation of Celestis and Elysium several years ago.

“We're really trying to do the right thing,” said Mr. Thornton said. “I believe we can find a good path with the Navajo Nation.”

Michigan's Jim Harbaugh preaches the impact of 'national champion' results

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HOUSTON — Michigan coach Jim Harbaugh said Monday's win over Washington in the College Football Playoff National Championship will be an “overwhelming” experience because of how many people it will affect.

“It means a lot to our players, they know what it's like to be a champion,” Harbaugh said Sunday. “Simply referred to as National Champions.

“Their parents want their son to be a champion, a national champion; their grandparents want a grandson; their siblings want a brother. [national champion].”

Harbaugh downplayed how he cares about how the win will affect his legacy, but admitted he cares deeply about how his family can be happy with the Wolverine title.

“What it means to me is for my kids to know that their dad is a national champion, and for my parents and my brother and my sister,” Harbaugh said. “That's the biggest thing, so many people can enjoy it, be a part of it.

“For my wife, her husband would be a national champion. For me, not so much, but for everyone else, yes, that would be huge.”

Harbaugh, in his ninth season as Michigan's coach, previously was named NFL Coach of the Year and AP College Football Coach of the Year. But he has yet to coach a team beyond a conference or division title in four head coaching stops (FCS San Diego, Stanford, San Francisco 49ers and Michigan).

Harbaugh and Washington coach Kalen DeBoer took turns during Sunday's coaches' news conference, praising each other's plans in what turned out to be an exercise in civility.

When asked what message he would have for his players if he left for the NFL job, Harbaugh didn't dwell on the prognosis, choosing instead to address the message going into the game.

“I can't wait to see them compete, see them at it,” he said. “That's my great feeling, let it rip.”

Without missing a beat, he switched to a quick rundown of Washington, calling the teams “mirror images” of each other in how complete they are.

“I really feel like these are two great teams,” Harbaugh said. “They're the last two standing.”

DeBoer's tenure in Washington is in its early days, with questions lingering about Harbaugh's future with Michigan. After inheriting a team that went 4-8 in 2021, DeBoer has gone 25-2 in his two seasons with the Huskies.

“The team, I think every win is celebrated on some level because it's so hard to win a college football game and I make sure they do it,” DeBoer said. “But it's coming from a very bad mindset and not getting the job done — not getting the job done — and we're going to celebrate the win. But the next game is more important.”

New images reveal what Neptune and Uranus really look like

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Neptune and Uranus are true colours

A study reveals that both Neptune and Uranus are greenish-blue in color, not the deep blue and pale cyan previously believed. Modern telescope data have been used to correct these historical color misinterpretations. Credit: Patrick Irwin, edited

Recent research led by Professor Patrick Irwin shows that Neptune And Uranus Both have similar green-blue hues, challenging previous perceptions of their colors. The study used modern telescope data to correct historical color errors and explain small color changes in Uranus' orbit.

Neptune likes to be a rich blue and Uranus a green – but a new study has revealed that the two ice giants are much closer in color than commonly thought.

The exact shadows of the planets have been confirmed with the help of research led by Professor Patrick Irvine. University of OxfordIt was published today in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.

Although it is commonly believed that Neptune is a deep blue and Uranus has a pale cyan appearance, he and his team found that the two worlds are actually a similar shade of greenish-blue.

Colors of Neptune and Uranus

Voyager 2/ISS images of Uranus and Neptune, released after the Voyager 2 flybys in 1986 and 1989, respectively, compared to reprocessing the separate filter images in this study, determined a better estimate of the true colors of these planets. Credit: Patrick Irwin

Misconceptions of planetary colors

Astronomers have long known that most modern images of the two planets do not accurately reflect their true colors.

During the 20th century the misconception arose as images of the two planets were captured – including NASAThe Voyager 2 mission, the only spacecraft to fly past these worlds – recorded images in discrete colors.

The single-color images were then recombined to create mixed-color images, which were not always precisely balanced to achieve a “true” color image, and – especially in the case of Neptune – were often made “too blue”.

Uranus color variations

Uranus as seen by HST/WFC3 from 2015-2022. During this sequence, the light green North Pole swings down toward the Sun and Earth. In these images, the equator and latitude lines are marked at 35N and 35S. Credit: Patrick Irwin

In addition, Voyager 2's early Neptune images were strongly contrast-enhanced to better reveal the clouds, bands, and winds that shape our modern view of Neptune.

Professor Irwin said: “While the familiar Voyager 2 images of Uranus were released in a form close to 'true' colour, the images of Neptune were actually stretched and enhanced and therefore artificially much bluer.”

“Although the artificially saturated color was known among planetary scientists at the time — images were published with captions explaining it — the distinction was lost over time.”

“By applying our model to the original data, we were able to reproduce a very accurate representation of the color of both Neptune and Uranus.”

Clarifying true colors through modern research

In the new study, researchers used the data Hubble Space TelescopeSpace Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) and Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (Muse) on the European Southern Observatory A very large telescope. In both instruments, each pixel is a continuous spectrum.

This means that STIS and MUSE observations can be unambiguously processed to determine the true apparent color of Uranus and Neptune.

The researchers used this data to rebalance composite color images recorded by the Voyager 2 camera and the Hubble Space Telescope's Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3).

This revealed that Uranus and Neptune are actually similar shades of greenish-blue. The main difference is that Neptune has a slight hint of blue, which the model reveals is due to the planet's thin haze layer.

An animation of the seasonal changes on Uranus over two Uranus years (one Uranus year is 84.02 Earth years), runs from 1900 to 2068 and begins just before the southern summer solstice, when Uranus' south pole points almost directly toward the Sun.
The left-hand disc shows the appearance of Uranus to the naked eye, while the right-hand disc has been enhanced to make the atmospheric features clearer. In this animation, Uranus' spin has been scaled down more than 3000 times so that the planet's rotation can be seen, and individual storm clouds can be seen moving across the planet's disk.
As the planet moves toward its solstices, the pale polar 'hood' of cloud opacity and reduced methane abundance can be seen filling in more of the planet's disk, leading to seasonal changes in the planet's overall color.
The change in size of Uranus' disk is caused by Uranus' distance from the Sun changing during its orbit.
Credit: Patrick Irwin, University of Oxford

Explaining the color variations of Uranus

The study also answers the long-standing mystery of why Uranus' color changes so little during its 84-year orbit around the Sun.

The authors reached their conclusions after first comparing images of the ice giant with measurements of its brightness recorded by the Lowell Observatory in Arizona from 1950 – 2016 in blue and green wavelengths.

These measurements show that Uranus appears slightly greener at its solstices (i.e., summer and winter), when one of the planet's poles points toward our star. But during its equinox – when the sun is above the equator – it has a somewhat bluer hue.

This was known to be due to the fact that Uranus has a very unusual cycle.

It effectively rotates on its side during its orbit, meaning that during the planet's solstices its north or south pole points almost directly toward the Sun and Earth.

This is important because any changes in the reflectivity of the polar regions can have a large effect on the overall brightness of Uranus as seen from our planet.

Astronomers are unclear about how or why this reflection varies.

This led the researchers to develop a model that compared the spectra of Uranus' polar regions with those of its equatorial regions.

It found that the polar regions have higher reflectance in green and red wavelengths than in blue wavelengths because red-absorbing methane is half as abundant near the poles as near the equator.

However, this was not enough to fully explain the color change, so the researchers added a new variable to the model in the form of a 'hood' of gradually thickening fog, previously seen in the summer, when the sun's rays were the polar planet. Moving from the equinox to the solstice.

Astronomers think it is made of methane ice particles.

When simulated in the model, the ice particles further increased reflectance at the poles in green and red wavelengths, providing an explanation for why Uranus is green at the solstice.

Professor Irvine said: “This is the first study to match a quantitative model with imaging data to explain why the color of Uranus changes during its orbit.”

“In this way, we have demonstrated that Uranus is greener at the solstice due to the reduced abundance of methane in the polar regions and the thickening of bright-scattering methane ice particles.”

Dr Heidi Hammel of the Association of Universities for Astronomical Research (AURA), who has studied Neptune and Uranus for decades, but was not involved in the study, said: “Misunderstandings of the color of Neptune and the unusual color changes of Uranus have fooled us for decades. This comprehensive study finally puts both issues to rest.” want

Future study and follow-up research

The ice giants Uranus and Neptune are an exciting place for future robotic explorers to build on Voyager's legacy in the 1980s.

Professor Lee Fletcher, a planetary scientist at the University of Leicester and co-author of the new study, said: “A mission to explore the Uranian system – from its peculiar seasonal atmosphere, to its diverse rings and moons – is a high priority for space agencies in the coming decades.”

However, even long-lived planetary explorers in orbit around Uranus will capture only a small snapshot of the Uranian year.

“Earth-based studies like these, which show how the appearance and color of Uranus have changed over the decades in response to the different seasons in the Solar System, will be essential in putting the findings of this future mission into their wider context,” added Professor Fletcher.

Reference: “Modeling the seasonal cycle of color and size of Uranus and comparing it with Neptune” Patrick GJ Irwin, Jack Dobinson, Arjuna James, Nicholas A Deanby, Amy A Simon, Lee N Fletcher, Michael T Roman, Glenn S Orton, Michael H Wong, Daniel Toledo , by Santiago Perez-Hoyos and Julie Peck, 12 September 2023, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.
DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stad3761

Hezbollah fired rockets into Israel in retaliation for the killing of a top Hamas leader

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Hezbollah fired dozens of rockets from Lebanon at northern Israel on Saturday, prompting a top Hamas leader in Lebanon's capital earlier this week to warn that the initial response was a barrage of targeted killings by Israel.

A rocket attack was launched a day after the Hezbollah leader Syed Hasan Nasrallah He said his group would retaliate for the killing of Saleh Arouri, the deputy political chief of the militants' ally Hamas, in a Hezbollah stronghold south of Beirut. He said if Hezbollah did not strike back, all of Lebanon would be vulnerable to an Israeli attack. With war brewing between Israel and Hamas, he appeared to be making his case for an answer to the Lebanese public, even at the risk of escalating the conflict between Hezbollah and Israel.

Hezbollah said it fired 62 rockets at an Israeli air observation post on Mount Meron and hit it directly. It is said that two military positions near the border were also attacked by rockets. The Israeli military said about 40 rockets were fired at Meron, targeting a base, but made no mention of the base being hit. It said it hit a Hezbollah cell that fired rockets.

Israeli airstrikes in southern Lebanon hit the outskirts of the village of Ghoudariyeh al-Siyad, about 40 kilometers (25 miles) from the border, Lebanon's state-run National News Agency said, causing casualties. Such attacks deep inside Lebanon have been rare since border fighting began nearly three months ago. The NNA also reported that Israeli forces shelled border areas including the town of Qiyam. The Israeli military had no immediate comment.

An Israeli military vehicle moves along the Gaza border as smoke rises following Israeli bombardment of the Gaza Strip, seen from southern Israel, Saturday, January 6, 2024. In Gaza, Israel moves to reduce military offensive in the north. He vowed to crush Hamas, pressing its offensive in the territory and south.

Leo Correa / AB


Separately, the armed wing of the Islamic Group in Lebanon, the country's branch of the Muslim Brotherhood and a close ally of Hamas, said it fired two rockets at the Israeli city of Kiryat Shmona on Friday night. Two members of the group were killed in the strike that killed Aruri.

The cross-border escalation comes as US Secretary of State Anthony Blinken embarks on an emergency Middle East diplomatic tour. Israel-Hamas war It erupted three months ago. The war was sparked by a deadly attack by Hamas on southern Israel, in which the militants killed around 1,200 people, mostly civilians, and took approximately 250 hostages.

In recent weeks, Israel has scaled back its military offensive in northern Gaza, vowing to crush Hamas and pressing its offensive in the south. In the south, most of Gaza's 2.3 million Palestinians are squeezed into smaller enclaves in a humanitarian disaster, battered by Israeli airstrikes.

The health ministry in Hamas-run Gaza said on Saturday that 122 Palestinians had been killed in the past 24 hours, bringing the total to 22,722 since the war began. No distinction is made between the number of militants and civilians. Two-thirds of those killed were women or children, the ministry said. The total number of injured has risen to 58,166, the ministry said.

At least 46 bodies were found overnight at al-Aqsa Martyrs Hospital in the central city of Deir al-Bala, according to hospital records seen by The Associated Press. Many were apparently shot men. A fight has broken out between Israeli forces and militants in the area. Records show that the dead included five members of a family killed in an airstrike.

Recent Israeli leaflets have urged Palestinians in areas near the hospital to evacuate, citing “dangerous fighting”.

In the southern Gaza city of Khan Younis, the epicenter of Israel's ground offensive, a European hospital received the bodies of 18 people killed in an overnight airstrike on a house in the city's Ma'an neighborhood, head Saleh al-Hams said. Nursing department of the hospital. Citing witnesses, he said more than three dozen people, including some displaced persons, had taken shelter in the house.

Israel Hamas has claimed responsibility for the civilian casualties, saying the group has embedded itself within Gaza's civilian infrastructure. However, due to the rising civilian death toll, international criticism of Israel's conduct in the war has increased. The United States has urged Israel to do more to prevent harm to civilians by continuing to send weapons and ammunition, while defending its closest ally against international scrutiny.

Blinken began his latest Middle East trip in Turkey on Saturday. The Biden administration Turkey and others hope to exert influence, particularly on Iran and its proxies, to assuage fears of a regional conflagration. Those fears have increased in recent days with incidents in the Red Sea, Lebanon, Iraq and Iran.

In talks with Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan and Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan, Blinken sought Turkish support for new plans for post-war Gaza, including cash or in-kind contributions to reconstruction efforts and participation in a proposed multinational force. operate in or adjacent to the territory.

From Turkey Blink He traveled to meet Turkish rival and fellow NATO ally Greece Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis at his home on the island of Crete. Mitsotakis and his government have been supportive of U.S. efforts to prevent the escalation of the Israel-Hamas war and have indicated a willingness to help if the situation worsens.

Other stops on the tour include Jordan, followed by Qatar, the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia on Sunday and Monday. Blinken will visit Israel and the West Bank next week before wrapping up the trip in Egypt.

During a visit to Beirut, the EU's foreign policy chief said he aimed to launch a European-Arab effort to revive the peace process leading to a two-state solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Joseph Borrell said he will visit Saudi Arabia on Sunday.

The death toll from the earthquake in western Japan has risen to 126

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The tremors threatened to bury more homes and block roads critical to the delivery of relief supplies. An earthquake struck off the west coast of Japan It rose to 126 on Saturday last week.

A 5-year-old boy was also among the dead. 7.6 magnitude earthquake on Monday. Ishikawa Prefecture, the hardest-hit region, said his condition suddenly worsened and he died on Friday.

Officials warned that roads already cracked by the dozens of earthquakes that continue to rock the region could collapse completely. That risk is increasing with rain and snow expected overnight and into Sunday.

The death toll rose to 126 on Saturday. Most deaths were reported in Wajima city 69, followed by Suzu with 38. More than 500 people were injured, at least 27 of them critically.

Earth tremors caused roofs to sit effortlessly on roads and everything below them was crushed flat. The roads were disintegrated like rubber. A fire reduced Wajima's neighborhood to ashes.

Although the number fluctuates, more than 200 have yet to be found. 11 people are reported to be trapped under two collapsed houses in Anamisu.

A 90-year-old woman was rescued alive from the rubble of a collapsed house in western Japan on Saturday evening. The woman in Ishikawa Prefecture's Sushu city survived more than five days after Monday's earthquake. Nationally broadcast news footage showed helmeted rescue workers covering the area with blue plastic, but the woman was not visible.

Damaged buildings are seen in Wajima, on the Noto Peninsula facing the Sea of ​​Japan, northwest of Tokyo, Saturday, Jan. 6, 2024, following Monday's devastating earthquake.

Hiro Kome / AB


Shiro Kokuta, 76, said the house in Wajima where he grew up was spared, but a nearby temple was engulfed in flames, and he was still searching for friends in evacuation centers.

“It was very difficult,” he said.

Japan has one of the fastest aging societies in the world. The population of Ishikawa and nearby areas has declined over the years. A fragile economy centered on handicrafts and tourism is now more affected than ever.

In an unusual gesture from nearby North Korea, leader Kim Jong Un sent a message of condolence to Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida, the official Korean Central News Agency reported on Saturday.

Japan earlier received messages from President Joe Biden and other allies expressing sympathy and promises of help.

Japanese government spokesman Yoshimasa Hayashi told reporters that Japan is grateful for all the news, including the news from North Korea. Hayashi said that in 1995, Japan received a condolence message from North Korea.

Along Japan's coast, power was gradually restored, but water supplies were still limited. Emergency drinking water systems were also damaged.

Thousands of troops flew in water, food and medicine to more than 30,000 people evacuated to auditoriums, schools and other facilities.

The nationally circulated Yomiuri newspaper said its aerial survey found more than 100 landslides in the area, blocking some lifelines.

Rescue operations intensified as days passed. But some clung to life, trapped under pillars and walls, and freed.

“I hope the city recovers and people don't leave,” said seafood vendor Seizo Shinbo, who was stocking up on noodles, canned goods and rice balls at the supermarket.

“No food. No water. And worse, gas. People are still standing in kilometer-long queues.”

Ambulances move through rocks and landslides on a road in Wajima, on the Noto Peninsula facing the Sea of ​​Japan, northwest of Tokyo, Saturday, Jan. 6, 2024, following Monday's devastating earthquake.

Hiro Kome / AB


American actor Christian Oliver and his two daughters have died in a plane crash in the Caribbean, police said.

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Police in St. Vincent and the Grenadines say American actor Christian Oliver and his two daughters died in a plane crash near a small private island in the eastern Caribbean.

SAN JUAN, Puerto Rico — American actor Christian Oliver and his two daughters died in a plane crash near a small private island in the eastern Caribbean, police in St. Vincent and the Grenadines said.

The plane crashed on Thursday west of the island of Petit Nevis near Bequia as it headed toward nearby St. Lucia, police said in a statement.

They identified their daughters as Madita Klepser, 10, and Annick Klepser, 12, and the pilot, Robert Sachs, was also dead.

The cause of the accident was not immediately known, police said.

While the St. Vincent and the Grenadines Coast Guard went to the area, local fishermen and divers went to the scene to help, officials said.

“The selfless and brave actions of the fishermen and divers are highly commendable,” the police said.

The 51-year-old German-born actor has scored dozens of film and television roles, including the 2008 film “Speed ​​Racer” and Steven Soderbergh's 2006 World War II film “The Good German,” starring George Clooney. Cate Blanchett.

He played Brian Keller, a Swiss exchange student, in season two of the 1990s series “Saved by the Bell: The New Class”.